Here are my personal notes on how to set up Postgres locally using Docker. This is by no means the perfect or one-and-only method, but it works for my specific needs, and might help you as-well.

I have also included how to easily download and import data from a Heroku-hosted Postgres database, although the same can easily be adapted for other hosting solutions too.

Prerequisites

Some familiarity with Terminal (I recommend iTerm for Mac, or cmder for Windows)
A Mac or access to a Linux (virtual) machine (Full Windows support is outside the scope of this guide)
About 15 minutes for the initial setup

If you want client to allow collection without providing any password then change 'md5' to 'trust' and that will allow connection unconditionally. Restart postgresql server. 1 2 $ psql -h 107.170.158.89 -U postgres 3 Password for user postgres: 4 psql (9.4.1, server 9.4.5) 5 Type 'help' for help. This authentication rule simply tells Postgres that for local connections established to all databases for the user postgres, authenticate using the peer protocol. Note: Some older versions of Postgres prefer the default authentication method of ident, but most modern installations will utilize peer as specified above instead.

TL;DR

Set up Docker
Launch a Postgres instance
(optional) Restore data from a dump file

In case you already have Docker set up on your machine, you can skip to the next step. If not, read on;

For macOS

You can download Docker Desktop for Mac and follow its installation instructions. Once installed and launched, you'll see a Docker status menu icon in the top-right of your display. The first time you launch Docker it might take a few minutes for it to initialize, so wait for it to complete before you proceed.

Note: Docker Desktop comes with an application called Kitematic, which allows you to more easily control docker containers using a GUI. You can use this application to start and stop containers and modify basic settings, but you'll still need to use Terminal for some of the commands mentioned, as these are not available through Kitematic.

For Ubuntu

This guide should work without issue on any recent version of Ubuntu. I have successfully used this on Ubuntu 16.04 as-well as 18.04 without issue, and it should work fine on other versions too although I have not tried this myself.

Start by installing the following required packages:

And now add Docker's official GPG key, this will allow us to add the Docker repository:

Now add Docker's repository, this will allow you to install Docker using apt-get:

Now that everything is prepared, you can install docker community edition with the following command:

When the installation is finished, add your user to the docker group so you don't have to use sudo when working with Docker:

Close and re-open your Terminal (or logout and back in if you're doing this on a remote machine) for the changes to take full effect.

(Optional) Start Docker at Boot

If you'd like to have Docker start at system boot, you can run this command:

(Optional) Allow TCP acces to Docker

If you're running Docker on a separate (virtual) machine, you might want to enable TCP access so you can use Docker from your local machine more conveniently.

Assuming you used systemctl (above) to start Docker at boot, run this command:

Your favorite command line text editor of choice will open with an empty file. Paste or write the following in:

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Update: It seems like they made a change to Docker at some point that killed support for adding -H -fd://, which was the previously recommended way to have Docker listen to the default unix socket as-well. I am not sure when exactly this change was made, and if it's a permanent one or not, but the method I describe above seems to work and is also referenced here.

Save the file ( ctrl+x, y, «enter» if you're using Nano, or ctrl+c, wq, «enter» if you're using VIM), and run the following commands:

You should now be able to remotely access your Docker. You can run any command as you normally would from your local machine, you only need to add -H to your command with the IP address of the (virtual) machine that Docker is running on. For example:

The default port is2375and if you're using this can be omitted from the aforementioned command.

To not have to add the IP address every time you run a Docker command, you can add an environment variable to your .profile or .bashrc or equivalent file. Assuming you're adding it to your .bashrc, you can add it like so:

Be sure to adapt this to your specific needs. For example, if you're using something like Oh My ZSH you might want to add it to your .zshrc file instead.

Setting up and launching a Postgres Docker instance

Postgres Mac Client

Once you've taken the following steps once, you don't need to repeat them. You can simply start your container up (again) by running docker start postgres

Creating a new Postgres Docker container

Docker containers inherently don't have permanent storage, so we'll start by creating a Docker volume. This makes it easier to if, for whatever reason, you want to destroy and launch a new Postgres container without losing your database data.

Run the following command to create a Docker volume. Note that the example uses the name pgdata, but you can change this to whatever you like. Be sure to use the same name in all subsequent commands too if you do change it though.

Now we can create the container. I recommend using an easy to remember port such as 54320, which is Postgres' default port with a zero added at the end. This way it can be easily remembered and at the same time you avoid possible conflicts should you, for whatever reason, already have another Postgres instance running on the default port.

Note: Be sure to set the password to something secure enough. You should never expose your Docker instance or Postgres container to the world but it's important to ensure no unwanted person (even via your local network) can access all your data.

Docker will automatically download the Postgres image if you don't already have it on your machine. When the command finishes, a fresh Postgres container should be up and running in the background. To confirm ,try connecting to it using your favorite GUI client or by using something like the psql command-line interface.

The IP address to connect to will be that of the (virtual) machine Docker is running on, with the port you have specified ( 54320 if you followed my example), the username postgres and the password you have specified in the recentmost command.

Creating a Database

You can now create a database to use to either import your existing data into, or for setting up your new project with.

Tip: You do not have to specify your password with this command as it is defined in the container's environment variable.

You should nw have a new and clean database, ready for use.

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Mac Postgres Password